React.js 前端速查表

组件

组件

import React from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'

class Hello extends React.Component {
  render () {
    return <div className='message-box'>
      Hello {this.props.name}
    </div>
  }
}

const el = document.body
ReactDOM.render(<Hello name='John' />, el)

Use the React.js jsfiddle to start hacking. (or the unofficial jsbin)

属性

<Video fullscreen={true} />

render () {
  this.props.fullscreen
  ···
}

使用 this.props 访问从组件传入的属性。

参考: Properties

状态

this.setState({ username: 'rstacruz' })

render () {
  this.state.username
  ···
}

使用状态 (this.state) 管理动态数据。

参考: States

Nesting

class Info extends React.Component {
  render () {
    const { avatar, username } = this.props

    return <div>
      <UserAvatar src={avatar} />
      <UserProfile username={username} />
    </div>
  }
}

Nest components to separate concerns.

参考: Composing Components

Children

<AlertBox>
  <h1>You have pending notifications</h1>
</AlertBox>

class AlertBox extends React.Component {
  render () {
    return <div className='alert-box'>
      {this.props.children}
    </div>
  }
}

Children are passed as the children property.

Defaults

Setting default props

Hello.defaultProps = {
  color: 'blue'
}

See: defaultProps

Setting default state

class Hello extends React.Component {
  constructor (props) {
    super(props)
    this.state = { visible: true }
  }
}

Set the default state in the constructor().

See: Setting the default state

Other components

Function components

function MyComponent ({ name }) {
  return <div className='message-box'>
    Hello {name}
  </div>
}

Functional components have no state. Also, their props are passed as the first parameter to a function.

See: Function and Class Components

Pure components

class MessageBox extends React.PureComponent {
  ···
}

Performance-optimized version of React.Component. Doesn’t rerender if props/state hasn’t changed.

See: Pure components

Component API

this.forceUpdate()

this.setState({ ... })

this.state
this.props

These methods and properies are available for Component instances.

See: Component API

Lifecycle

Mounting

Set initial the state on constructor(). Add DOM event handlers, timers (etc) on componentDidMount(), then remove them on componentWillUnmount().

Updating

Called when parents change properties and .setState(). These are not called for initial renders.

See: Component specs

DOM nodes

References

class MyComponent extends React.Component {
  render () {
    return <div>
      <input ref={el => this.input = el} />
    </div>
  }

  componentDidMount () {
    this.input.focus()
  }
}

Allows access to DOM nodes.

See: Refs and the DOM

DOM Events

class MyComponent extends React.Component {
  render () {
    <input type="text"
        value={this.state.value}
        onChange={event => this.onChange(event)} />
  }

  onChange (event) {
    this.setState({ value: event.target.vlaue })
  }
}

Pass functions to attributes like onChange.

See: Events

Other features

Transfering props

<VideoPlayer src="video.mp4" />

class VideoPlayer extends React.Component {
  render () {
    return <VideoEmbed {...this.props} />
  }
}

Propagates src="..." down to the sub-component.

See Transferring props

Top-level API

React.createClass({ ... })
React.isValidElement(c)

ReactDOM.render(<Component />, domnode, [callback])
ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(domnode)

ReactDOMServer.renderToString(<Component />)
ReactDOMServer.renderToStaticMarkup(<Component />)

There are more, but these are most common.

See: React top-level API

JSX patterns

Style shorthand

var style = { height: 10 }
return <div style={style}></div>

return <div style={{ margin: 0, padding: 0 }}></div>

See: Inline styles

Inner HTML

function markdownify() { return "<p>...</p>"; }
<div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{__html: markdownify()}} />

See: Dangerously set innerHTML

Lists

class TodoList extends React.Component {
  render () {
    const { items } = this.props

    return <ul>
      {items.map(item =>
        <TodoItem item={item} key={item.key} />)}
    </ul>
  }
}

Always supply a key property.

Conditionals

<div>
  {showPopup
    ? <Popup />
    : null}
</div>

New features

Returning fragments

render () {
  // Don't forget the keys!
  return [
    <li key="A">First item</li>,
    <li key="B">Second item</li>
  ]
}

You can return multiple nodes as arrays.

See: Fragments and strings

Errors

class MyComponent extends React.Component {
  ···
  componentDidCatch (error, info) {
    this.setState({ error })
  }
}

Catch errors via componentDidCatch. (React 16+)

See: Error handling in React 16

Portals

render () {
  return React.createPortal(
    this.props.children,
    document.getElementById('menu')
  )
}

This renders this.props.children into any location in the DOM.

See: Portals

Hydration

const el = document.getElementById('app')
ReactDOM.hydrate(<App />, el)

Use ReactDOM.hydrate instead of using ReactDOM.render if you’re rendering over the output of ReactDOMServer.

See: Hydrate

Property validation

PropTypes

import PropTypes from 'prop-types'

See: Typechecking with PropTypes

Basic

Enum

Array

Object

Elements

Required

Basic types

MyComponent.propTypes = {
  email:      PropTypes.string,
  seats:      PropTypes.number,
  callback:   PropTypes.func,
  isClosed:   PropTypes.bool,
  any:        PropTypes.any
}

Required types

MyCo.propTypes = {
  name:  PropTypes.string.isRequired
}

Elements

MyCo.propTypes = {
  // React element
  element: PropTypes.element,

  // num, string, element, or an array of those
  node: PropTypes.node
}

Enumerables (oneOf)

MyCo.propTypes = {
  direction: PropTypes.oneOf([
    'left', 'right'
  ])
}

Arrays and objects

MyCo.propTypes = {
  list: PropTypes.array,
  ages: PropTypes.arrayOf(PropTypes.number),
  user: PropTypes.object,
  user: PropTypes.objectOf(PropTypes.number),
  message: PropTypes.instanceOf(Message)
}

MyCo.propTypes = {
  user: PropTypes.shape({
    name: PropTypes.string,
    age:  PropTypes.number
  })
}

Use .array[Of], .object[Of], .instanceOf, .shape.

Custom validation

MyCo.propTypes = {
  customProp: (props, key, componentName) => {
    if (!/matchme/.test(props[key])) {
      return new Error('Validation failed!')
    }
  }
}

Also see

• React website (reactjs.org)
• React cheatsheet (reactcheatsheet.com)
• Awesome React (github.com)
• React v0.14 cheatsheet Legacy version