Getting started

Simple example

/* @flow */
function square (n: number) {
  return n * n
}

const four = square(2)

Most of what you need to do is to simply add annotations to function arguments!

See: flow.org docs

Type inference

function square (n: number) {
  const result = n * n
}

result is inferred to be a number because number * number will result in a number. There’s no need to give it annotations.

Type aliases

type Person = {
  name: string,
  age: number,
  isAdmin: boolean,
  likes: Array<string>
}

function greet(user: Person) {
  console.log('hello', user.name)
}

greet({ name: 'Miles Davis', ··· })

This is the typical way to define the shape of complex objects.

Variables

const count: number = 200

You typically don’t need to do this, function args are often enough.

See: Variable types

Importing and exporting

import type { Person } from './types'

export type Person = {
  ···
}

See: Module types

Union types

type Action = number | string

type Direction = 'left' | 'right'

See: Unions

Optionals

Maybe types

type Album = {
  name: ?string
}

const a: Album = { }                 // ✗ Error
const a: Album = { name: 'Blue' }    // ✓ OK
const a: Album = { name: null }      // ✓ OK
const a: Album = { name: undefined } // ✓ OK

This makes name either a string or null.

See: Maybe types

Optional properties

type Album = {
  name?: string
}

const a: Album = { } // ✓ OK
a.name = 'Blue'      // ✓ OK
a.name = null        // ✓ OK
a.name = undefined   // ✓ OK

This makes an Album valid even if artist is not part of the keys. This is different from “maybe” types.

See: Optional properties

Objects

Extra object fields

type Artist = {
  name: string,
  label: string
}

const a: Artist = {
  name: 'Miguel Migs',
  label: 'Naked Music'
}

a.genre = 'House' // ✓ OK

You can add more fields to an object.

See: Width subtyping

Exact object types

type Artist = {|
  name: string,
  label: string
|}

const a: Artist = { ··· }
a.genre = 'House' // ✗ Error

Exact object types prevent extra properties from being added to an object.

See: Exact object types

Dynamic keys

type Items = {
  [key: string]: Item
}

See: Dynamic object keys

Advanced features

Primitives

Type Description
any  
boolean  
mixed  
number  
string  
void undefined
null null (but not undefined)
{a: Number} Object with a shape
[any, number] Tuples (fixed-length arrays)
Array<T>  
Class<T>  
Function  
Object  
?number Maybe (number, void, null)
a | b Union types

Enums

type Suit = "Diamonds" | "Clubs" | "Hearts" | "Spades"

const countries = {
  US: "United States",
  IT: "Italy",
  FR: "France"
}

type Country = $Keys<typeof countries>

See: Enums

Type aliases

type Tree = {
  foo: string,
  bar: number,
  qux: (foo: string, bar: number) => boolean
}

type Generic<T> = {
  foo: T
}

See: Type aliases

Generic classes

class GenericClass<T> {
  x: T
  constructor (x: T) { ... }
}

var n: GenericClass<number> = new GenericClass(0)

See: Generic classes

Interfaces

interface Jsonable {
  toJSON(): string
}

class Foo {
  toJSON() { return '{}' }
}

(new Foo: Jsonable)

See: Interfaces

Functions

const callback: () => void = function () {}

function filter<T> (
  list: Array<T>,
  callback: (item: T) => boolean
): Array<T> {
  ···
}

See: Functions

Imports

import type { Person } from '../person'
import typeof Config from '../config'

export type Person = { id: string }

Comment syntax

/*::
  export type Foo = { ... }
*/

function add(n /*: number */) { ... }

React

React$Element<any>

class Foo extends React.Component {
  /*:: state: { open: boolean } */
  /*:: props: { open: boolean } */
}

Examples

Examples

var myNumbers: Array<number> = [42]
function foo(): any { return 42 }
var b: boolean = false
var b: ?boolean = false  /* maybe */
var b: string | boolean = false

var a: Class<MyClass> = MyClass
var b: MyClass = new a()

Function signature

type Callback = (?Error, string) => any

function fetch (callback: Callback) {
  ···
}

References