List (ls)
ls [options] [paths]
Switch |
Description |
-1 |
One entry per line |
-l |
Long view |
-o |
Long view (without groups) |
-C |
Multicolumn (sorted horizontally) |
-x |
Multicolumn (sorted vertically) |
-F |
Add / after directories |
-G |
Color |
Options
-R |
Recurse |
-a |
Include hidden (dotfiles) |
-A |
Include hidden (but not . and ..) |
Sorting
Switch |
Description |
-r |
reverse order |
-S |
sort by size |
-t |
sort by time modified |
-u |
sort by time accessed |
-U |
sort by time created |
-c |
sort by time status was changed |
-h |
Human-readable size (3k) |
Tail
tail [-F | -f | -r] [-bN | -cN | -nN] [file ...]
Modes
-f |
follow |
-F |
follow by filename (accounts for log rotation) |
-r |
Reverse order |
Options
-bN |
N*512 bytes |
-cN |
N bytes |
-nN |
N lines |
+N |
Start from line N |
Sudo
sudo [options] <command>
Listing
Options
-A |
Use $SUDO_ASKPASS |
-b |
Run in background |
-E |
Preserve environment |
-H |
use target’s $HOME |
-n |
Don’t prompt for password |
-P |
Preserve group vector |
-S |
Read password from stdin |
File descriptors
-C fd |
Close all open file descriptors |
Prompt
-p prompt |
Custom prompt (-p “%p password:”) |
Interactive
Switch |
Description |
-i [cmd] |
Interactive shell without variables |
-s [cmd] |
Interactive shell |
-u user |
run as this user |
-g group |
run as this group |
Timestamp
-v |
revalidate timestamp for 5 mins |
-k |
invalidate timestamp |
-K |
just like -k |
wc (Word count)
... | wc [options]
-c |
Bytes |
-l |
Lines |
-m |
Characters (incl multi-byte) |
-w |
Words |
Search-and-replace in all files
perl -p -i -e 's/hello/HELLO/g' **/*
Grep
grep [options] [pattern] [file ...]
Options
Switch |
Description |
-A num |
Print num lines of training context |
-G |
–basic-regexp (default) |
-E |
–extended-regexp |
-P |
–perl-regexp |
-f file |
–file (Get patterns for file) |
-F |
–fixed-strings |
-h |
–no-filename |
-H |
–with-filename |
-l |
–files-with-matches (just print filenames) |
-L |
–files-without-match |
-r, -R |
–recursive |
-v |
–invert-match |
-i |
–ignore-case |
Synonyms
egrep => grep -E
fgrep => grep -F